大拇指知识
在British Council（爱尔兰人文联合会，其也是托福笔试的非官方网站）非官方网站上，有十分多相关托福笔试的资料库和comments。
其中三篇正式发布于2015年的经典之作该文“Ten dos for the IELTS speaking test”和“Ten donts for the IELTS speaking test”十分随心所欲地提问了中国小学生的各式各样问题~
这三篇该文出自于赢得了爱尔兰人文联合会英文教学奖的同学Chris Pell，坚信我们在看完后也会对托福书面语笔试有更真切的重新认识，更能掌控到其一脉相承，那时花生就来带我们看一看首篇——“六个要做”的文本吧~
1、Do warm up 提过紧接著！
What would happen if a footballer decided to play a game without running or stretching first? They would probably have a terrible game and maybe even injure themselves. Speaking a foreign language is no different. I advise all of my students to warm up for the IELTS test by speaking nothing but English for at least 24 hours before the test. This has a huge influence on your ability to naturally communicate in English. Tell your friends and family that you can only speak in English, and try to read and listen to English the day before the exam. Get to the testing centre early and engage the other candidates and staff in conversation. By the time your speaking test comes around, you will be ready.
如果一位篮球选手在赛事前不先慢跑或剪切，他会出现什么呢？他们可能会踢得很差劲，即使可能会丧命。说两门外语教学只不过也那样，我提议我大部份的小学生在托福笔试前最少24半小时只说英文来热身赛。这对你大自然他用英文沟通交流有非常大的促进作用。说你的好友和父母你只会说英文，并在笔试前一晚打声夏斯利英文，同时提过快点到笔试服务中心，与其它小学生和值班人员聊天。到书面语笔试的这时候，你就准备好了。
单纯而言，就是匆匆忙忙地沉浸于在英文大自然环境里，到笔试的这时候便能更为游刃有余随心所欲言谈啦~
2、Do practise at home 整天很大要练
Speaking is a skill and just like any other skill it requires many hours of practice.Lots of my students complain that they don’t have anyone to practise English with, but these days there are lots of ways to practise online.
书面语是一项技能，就像其它技能那样，它需要很多时间的练。我的很多小学生抱怨说他们没有人可以和他们一起练英文，但是现在有很多在线练的方法。
和好友聊天，网上找软件/真人陪聊都是不错的途径~重要的是很大要多加练！
3、Do ask the examiner 向考官问问题没问题！
Many students don’t know that you can occasionally ask the examiner to repeat the question if you didn’t understand it, or to ask them to explain what one word means. It is not a listening test. If you listen to native English speakers, youll notice that they do this all the time. The important thing is not to ask the examiner to repeat every question or to explain every word.
许多小学生不知道，如果你不明白问题的意思，你可以偶尔让考官重复一遍，或者让他们解释一个单词的意思。毕竟这不是听力笔试，如果你听native speakers说话，你会注意到他们也老是这么做，重要的是不要让考官重复每一个问题或解释每一个单词。
4、Do extend your answers 很大要延伸你的提问
It is not a good idea to give very short answers in the IELTS test and you should try to extend your answers. Three ways to extend your answers are: 1) explaining why 2) giving examples and 3) giving concessions (showing the opposite side of the argument).
Heres an example to the question What can people do to reduce global warming?
I believe the best way to combat climate change is to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide is the main reason the planet is getting hotter, because it is a greenhouse gas and prevents the suns radiation from leaving our atmosphere. For example, it has been shown that there is a link between the increased use of fossil fuels and rising global temperatures. However, some doubt this and think global warming is a natural cycle and not a man-made problem.
As you can see, this candidate has fully explained her point and provided both a relevant example and a concession.
在托福笔试中，提问太短不是个好主意，你应该尝试扩展你的答案。有三种方法可以扩展你的答案:
1)解释原因2)举例3)让步(展示论点的反面)。
这里有一个关于“人们能做些什么来减少全球变暖”的例子。
…
正如你所看到的，这位小学生已经充分解释了她的观点，提供了一个相关的例子和一个让步。
5、Do master functional language 很大要掌控功能性的语言
It is a very bad idea to memorise scripted answers, but you should be aware of the various types of functional language that might come up in the IELTS speaking test. You should be able to use the language of:
giving opinions
giving examples
contrasting views
evaluating someone else’s opinion
talking about cause and effect
talking about hypothetical situations.
You will be expected to talk about the past, present and future, so make sure you know the various forms for doing this.
死记硬背答案是一个十分差劲的主意，但你应该意识到各式各样类型的功能性语言可能会出现在托福书面语笔试中。你应该能够使用以下语言:
给意见、给例子、给出截然不同的观点、评价别人的观点、谈论因果关系、谈论假设的情况。
你会被要求谈论过去、现在和将来，所以要确保你知道各式各样各样的表达形式。
6、Do use natural spoken English 很大要用大自然的书面语
If you listen carefully to native speakers of English, youll notice some important differences in the way they speak compared to learners of English. Native speakers use connected speech, weak sounds, intonation and sentence stress that many non-native speakers find difficult or unnatural. Ask a teacher or research online how these pronunciation features influence your speech. Listen to recordings of native speakers of English (for example, on YouTube) and try to imitate their use of connected speech or intonation by pausing the recording and repeating what you hear. With enough practice, you will start to sound more like a native speaker.
如果你仔细听以英文为母语的人说话，你会注意到他们与英文学习者说话方式的一些重要差异。母语人士使用连读、弱音、语调和句子重音，许多非母语人士觉得很难或“不大自然”。向同学咨询或上网搜索这些发音特征是如何影响你的讲话的，也可以听以英文为母语的人的录音，通过暂停录音并重复你听到的文本，尝试模仿他们使用连贯的讲话或语调。通过足够的练，你会听起来会更像一个native speaker的！
简而言之：多加练以更为大自然流利~
7、Do consider grammar vs fluency 权衡语法vs流利度
To do well in the speaking test you will be expected to be both grammatically accurate and fluent. Often, students worry too much about their grammar and this stops them speaking at a natural pace, thus reducing their score for fluency.
A good thing to do is record yourself. Record yourself once and just focus on being grammatically accurate. When you listen back, you might hear how unnaturally slow your speech is. Next, record yourself and try not to worry about making any grammar mistakes, just try to speak at the same speed you do in your native language.
By doing this, you not only practise your fluency, but also identify common grammar mistakes and then fix them, making you even more fluent. Even native speakers make small grammar mistakes when speaking, so don’t worry too much about them and use them as stepping stones to success.
要想在书面语笔试中取得好成绩，你必须在语法上准确同时又很流利。通常情况下，小学生们会过于担心他们的语法，从而阻碍他们以大自然的速度说话，最终降低他们的流利度分数。
最好的办法就是录下自己的声音。给自己录一次音，注意语法准确无误。当你回听时，你可能会听到你说话的速度是多么不大自然。接下来，给自己录音，尽量不要担心犯语法错误，尽量用和说母语那样的速度说话。
通过这样做，你不仅练了你的流利性，而且还发现了常见的语法错误，然后改正它们使你更流利。即使是以英文为母语的人在说话时也会犯一些小语法错误，所以不要太担心它们，把它们当作成功的垫脚石吧~
单纯而言：要找到语法和流利度的平衡点~不要厚此薄彼~
8、Do find your passion 找到你的热情所在！
Students often obsess over past exam questions and practise these over and over. The problem with this is students often get bored and speak without any passion about these topics. A better way is to find something you are really interested in and practise speaking, using this topic. If you love football, listen to the commentators during matches or listen to a podcast about the weekend’s matches. If you are into fashion, watch some fashion shows on TV or YouTube. You can practise talking about these things with a friend, record yourself or find other like-minded people online and chat to them.
小学生们经常沉迷于过去的笔试问题，一遍又一遍地练这些问题。这样做的问题是，小学生们经常会感到无聊，在谈论这些话题时没有任何激情。更好的方法是找一些你真正感兴趣的东西，用这个话题练书面语。
如果你喜欢篮球，在赛事的这时候听听解说员的解说，或者听听关于周末赛事的播客。如果你喜欢时尚，可以在电视或网上看一些时尚秀。你可以和好友练谈论这些事情，录下自己的声音，或者在网上找到其它志同道合的人，和他们聊天。
单纯而言：聊自己喜欢的东西~
9、Do take time to think 可以花时间来思考
If you are asked a question you are not sure about, don’t be afraid to take a moment to think about it. This is totally natural and something native English speakers do more than you think. The important thing is to tell the examiner you are doing this by using phrases such as the following:
That’s a difficult question. Let me think for a second…
That’s a very interesting question. Let me think for a moment…
It’s very difficult to know exactly, but perhaps…
It’s difficult to say. I think…
I don’t really know for sure, but I would say….
But make sure you don’t start every question with one of these phrases. The examiner will spot this and your mark will suffer if the examiner thinks you have prepared scripted answers.
如果你被问到一个你不确定的问题，不要害怕花一点时间去思考。这是很大自然的，英文为母语的人同样也会停下来思考。重要的是要说考官你是这样做的，你可以使用下面这样的短语:
…
但是要确保不要每个问题都用这些短语开头。如果考官认为你的答案是事先准备好的，那么你的分数就会下降。
10、Do correct yourself 很大要纠正自己的错误
Don’t be afraid to correct any mistakes in the exam. This shows the examiner that you are aware of the mistake and know your grammar. Some students don’t like doing this because they think it alerts the examiner to your mistake leading to a lower score. The opposite is true. In fact, if you think about it, you probably correct mistakes in your own language all the time.
不要害怕在笔试中改正错误。这会让考官知道你意识到了错误，了解你的语法。一些小学生不喜欢这样做，因为他们认为这会提醒考官你的错误，从而导致较低的分数。但真相恰恰相反！事实上，如果你仔细想想，你可能一直在用母语纠正错误。
以上就是这篇该文的全部文本了~坚信里面许多个技巧都对我们有所帮助，许多提问也解答了我们的疑惑吧！
镜像问题戳看：
针对书面语笔试，花生整理了以下4个书面语资料，足以应对托福书面语的入门和提分，领取戳：
包含的资料list：
1、《2022年5-8月托福书面语题库+提问范例（文本+音频）》.ZIP
托福书面语备考最重要的就是题库啦，花生每一季题库都备受好评，这一波给我们附上了常考话题的高分范例（文本+音频），囊括了托福题库中 18 种书面语常考话题，帮你积攒素材，拿下高分。不过我们在拿到这份示范答案时要着重去思考同学的答题结构与逻辑，灵活运用我们给出的素材。切忌不要死记硬背，要知道，托福书面语考官可是十分讨厌背答案式的提问的！
2、《2022托福小学生考题回忆》
不同于书面语题库，这份共享文档将尽可能的给我们汇总出“什么时间”“在哪个考点”“考了什么题目”，共享【实时】的《2022年托福书面语真题汇总》文档给我们，让我们更真实的看到书面语考题～
3、《托福书面语900句》
涵括了大部份托福书面语的经典之作主题哦！相关于家庭、喜好、人文娱乐等等，涵盖了十分多的范畴，以及很多超级实用的书面语句子，在托福书面语笔试主题中高频出现。只要看完这900句，保证你托福书面语能更上一层楼！
4、《会让你在IELTS写作与书面语笔试中更像一个Native Speaker的纯正英式短语&英式句型1000条》
书里面有超多的书面语相关资料，关于不同场合，不同主题的书面语文本应有尽有，要学会使用重要的英文习语很不容易。这本书就能很好的帮助同学们学习纯正的英文短语，让你在书面语笔试的这时候让考官眼前一亮。
