大拇指知识
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下午，小编正苦于不知道今天和大家分享什么而刷着朋友圈，突然间，一个托福成绩单映入眼帘：
来自北京新东方美本封闭项目的杨同学在8月10日的托福考试中取得了120分的满分成绩！
看着成绩单中的四个30，小编一边揉着膝盖，一边禁不住想到：怎样才能在托福考试中取得满分呢？英语母语人士要想获得托福满分是否易如反掌呢？托福118分和120分有什么区别？
托福满分的比例
众所周知，托福四科取得满分的难度是不同的。
中国考生在复习时也应该明显能够感到，阅读和听力这些“输入项”相对好提高，而口语和写作这些“输出项”会比较难，特别是口语23、24分可能就进入了瓶颈难以进一步提高。
从ETS公布的2018年全球托福考生成绩报告来说，口语和写作是各国考生共同的难题。
从百分比来看，阅读和听力想要取得满分，需要打败95%的考生；而听力和写作想要取得满分，则需要打败99%的考生；如果想要四科同时满分，你得成为考生中不足百分之一的最优秀的人……
顺带一提，中国考生的托福平均成绩只有80分。
托福满分的要求
托福改革后最新的官方指南还没有发布，因此还不清楚阅读和听力部分原始分与最终分数的对应关系。
但由于题目数量减少，整体上，容错率恐怕会相较之前更低。基本上，想获得满分，大家只有冲着全对努力了。
而写作和口语想要满分，则需要各个部分都达到最高的标准。
口语上，需要大家达到以下要求：
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独立口语
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses incompleteness. It is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse.
DELIVERY: Generally well-paced flow(fluid expression). Speech is clear. It may include minor lapses, or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation patterns,which do not affect overall intelligibility.
LANGUAGE USE: The response demonstrates effective use of grammar and vocabulary. It exhibits a fairly high degree of automaticity with good control of basic and complex structures (as appropriate). Some minor(or systematic) errors are noticeable but do not obscure meaning.
TOPICDEVELOPMENT: Response is sustained and sufficient to the task. It is generally well developed and coherent; relationships between ideas are clear (or clear progression of ideas).
综合口语
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses incompleteness. It is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse.
DELIVERY: Speech is generally clear, fluid, and sustained. It may include minor lapses or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation. Pace may vary at times as the speaker attempts to recall information. Overall intelligibility remains high.
LANGUAGE USE: The response demonstrates good control of basic and complex grammatical structures that allow for coherent, efficient (automatic)expression of relevant ideas. Contains generally effective word choice. Though some minor (or systematic) errors or imprecise use may be noticeable, they do not require listener effort(or obscure meaning).
TOPICDEVELOPMENT: The response presents a clear progression of ideas and conveys the relevant information required by the task. It includes appropriate detail, though it may have minor errors or minor omissions.
写作上，最高水平的文章要求如下：
独立写作
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
■ Effectively addresses the topic and task
■ Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications and/or details
■ Displays unity, progression and coherence
■ Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
综合写作
A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
毫无疑问，托福满分除了实力外，还需要天时地利。如前一天保证了充足的休息，考场上没有受到周围考生的干扰，等等。
英语母语是否容易获得满分？
恐怕并非如此。比如，下图是一位英语母语人士在Quora上提出的问题：
尽管托福是英语语言考试，但托福并不是考查英语的日常使用、基本语法。以托福阅读为例，需要考生具备阅读长文本并进行分析的能力。所以，即便是英语母语，也不代表在托福考试中就能轻易取得满分。
但整体上，英语母语人士在了解考试的基础上取得高分应该不是难事。
托福118、119、120分有什么区别？
硬要说的话，上述三个分数的区别应该在“太牛了”“太太太牛了”和“……”之间。
在国外论坛上曾看到一贴，一位韩国考生考过3次118分，1次119分，每次主要是口语或写作会有扣分，想请教大家怎样才能刷到120分？并且是否有必要刷到120分？
（这难道不是一个伪装成问题的炫耀贴吗？？）
从申请上来说，不存在哪个申请项目变态到只接受托福120分的神。对于竞争激烈的学校，托福110-115分已经颇具竞争力了。所以，120分的托福成绩并不会比118分更有优势，毕竟影响录取的因素还有很多其他方面。
而从备考来说，118分到120分恐怕是临场发挥中出现的一些随机性的错误导致了扣分。真想有针对性地进行改进的话，可能只有增加练习，并且找到自己练习中的薄弱环节，避免考试中再次出现，并且期待下一次考试拥有满分的好运。
最后，点击阅读原文可了解满分选手同款住宿班
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